2.3. Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year, when people are closest to God and to the essence of our souls. Yom Kippur means “Day of Atonement,” as the verse states, “For on this day He will forgive you, purify you, that you be cleansed from all your sins before God.”
Just months after the people of Israel left Egypt in the year of 2448 from creation (1313 BCE), they sinned by worshipping a golden calf. Moses ascended Mount Sinai and prayed to God to forgive them. After two 40-day stints on the mountain, full Divine favor was obtained. The day Moses came down the mountain (the 10th of Tishrei) was to be known forevermore as the Day of Atonement—Yom Kippur. This practice continued for hundreds of years, throughout the time of the first Temple in Jerusalem, which was built by Solomon, and the second Temple, which was built by Ezra. Jews from all over the would gather in the Temple to experience the sacred sight of the High Priest performing his service, obtaining forgiveness for all of Israel.When the second Temple was destroyed in the year of 3830 from creation (70 CE), the Yom Kippur service continued. Instead of a High Priest bringing the sacrifices in Jerusalem, every single Jew performs the Yom Kippur service in the temple of his or her heart.
Forty days before Yom Kippur, on the first of Elul, people begin blowing the shofar every morning and reciting Psalm 27 after the morning and afternoon prayers. In Sepharadic communities, it is customary to begin saying
Selichot early every morning (Ashkenazimbegin just a few days before Rosh Hashanah)—building an atmosphere of reverence, repentance and awe leading up to Yom Kippur. Just as Yom Kippur is a day of fasting,
the day before Yom Kippur is set aside for eating and preparing for this holy day. Here are some of the activities that people do on the day before Yom Kippur:
Holiday candles are lit before the onset of the holy day.
No work is to be done on Yom Kippur, from the time the sun sets on the ninth of Tishrei until the stars come out in the evening of the next day.
On Yom Kippur, people afflict theirrselves by avoiding the following five actions:
- Eating or drinking (in case of need they consult a medical professional and a rabbi)
- Wearing leather shoes
- Applying lotions or creams
- Washing or bathing
- Engaging in conjugal relations
Beyond specific actions, Yom Kippur is dedicated to introspection, prayer and asking Gоd for forgiveness. Even during the breaks between services, it is appropriate to recite Psalms at every available moment.
Yim Kippur celebration Jewish people reading Torah
Five prayer ceremonies take place over the course of the day: Maariv, Shacharit, Musaf, Minchah and Neilah
An exploration of the weekly Torah portion, produced by the Conservative Yeshiva in Jerusalem
The wailing wall in Jerusalim at Yim Kippur
Children blow their shofars (ram`s horns). The Torah prescribes the sounding of the shofar but does not say when or how this ritual is to be performed. It is composed of three sets of blasts, each consisting of three repetitions of three notes