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History of Religions

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History of the 3 Monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) and of the main different Christianity confessions (Roman Catholicism, Eastern Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism and Protestantism)

History and Philosophy of Religions

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3. Christianity
Christianity is a religion which was born in the Middle East, within Judaism, in the 1st century. D.C. It recognizes in Jesus the Messiah promised and proclaimed by the Prophets, the son of God, and hence God Himself, but in contrast from Judaism, it has a universal nature, since Jesus’ s preaching is addressed to all peoples, not only to the Jewish people.

Christianity is considered an Abrahamic religion, together with Judaism and Islam, because it recognizes in Abraham a common father in faith; it is currently the most widespread religion with more than 2.5 billion believers in the world.

Christians derived their Holy Scriptures from Judaism, then called the Old Testament, and some fundamental doctrines such as monotheism, the faith in a Messiah, priesthood and some forms of worship, but from the first century onward they began to stand out for the addition of new sacred texts (the New Testament) concerning the preaching of Jesus and the activity of the Apostles, and above all for the exclusion of some fundamental precepts of Judaism.

Christianity immediately enjoyed a great development, and at the end of the first century it was organized around five seats, namely Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. Persecution of Christians ended only in the fourth century, and Christianity even became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Christianity has a hierarchical organization with a consecrated priesthood, and a liturgical worship which is celebrated inside buildings erected for this purpose. Over time, it has known many internal divisions, and nowadays it can be stated that the main currents of Christianity can be identified in Catholicism, Orthodoxy (movement which dates back to 1054) and Protestantism (since 1517), which maintain a common reference to the preaching of Jesus and to the sacred texts of the early centuries, but each one claims to be the faithful guardian of the Christian message. In the last few decades, the Ecumenical Movement has been working to reunify all Christians
Online Resources
Practical Activity
  • The Cross GeometryUsing the links suggested at the end of this form, students are invited to check how the fundamental symbol of Christianity has changed over time.

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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This web site reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.